PYTHON ---->  TKINTER NOTES

Click for new version of tkinter notes

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IMPORTING TKINTER

import tkinter

# ANOTHER WAY (USED IN THIS PAGE)

from tkinter import *

ADDITIONAL IMPORT STATEMENTS

from tkinter.ttk import * 
 

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NECESSARY CODE

root = Tk()
root.mainloop()

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WIDGETS IN TKINTER

• Label
• Text
• Frame
• Canvas

myLabel = Label(master , **options)
# TO KNOW ABOUT **options RUN
# help(Label)
# in the terminal

myText = Text(master , **options)
# TO KNOW ABOUT **options RUN
# help(Text)
# in the terminal

myFrame = Frame(master , **options)
# TO KNOW ABOUT **options RUN
# help(Frame)
# in the terminal

myCanvas = Canvas(master , **options)
# TO KNOW ABOUT **options RUN
# help(Canvas)
# in the terminal

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MENU IN TKINTER

1.) CREATING A MENU

menuBar = Menu(master ,**options)

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2.) ADDING TO MENU

menuOption = Menu(menuBar ,tearoff=0)
menuOption.add_command(label=nameOfOption ,command=commandName)
menuBar.add_cascade(label=nameOfMenuOption , menu=menuOption)

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3.) ADDING MENU TO MASTER

master/root.config(menu = menuBar)

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FILES IN TKINTER

1.) IMPORT FILEDIALOG ---> FIRST STEP

from tkinter import filedialog

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2.) UNDERSTANDING FILETYPES

• CODE
• DESC

fileType = [('PYTHON FILE' , '*.py') , ('ALL FILES','*.*')]

fileType defines filetypes which can be saved or opened
fileType must be a list
elements in fileType must be tuple
element[0] = 'NAME OF FILE TYPE (ANY NAME YOU WANT TO GIVE)'
element[1] = 'NameOfFile.FileExtension'
for ex:- ("PYTHON FILES" , "*.py")
* represents any value
for ex:- ("ALL FILES" , "*.*")
*.* any name of file with any extension can be opened or saved.

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3.) OPENING A FILE DIALOG OPTION

file = filedialog.askopenfile(mode = mode('w','r'...etc) 
, filetypes = fileType) 
# returns open file(selectedFile)

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4.) SAVING A FILE DIALOG OPTION

file = filedialog.asksaveasfile(mode = mode('w','r'...etc) 
, filetypes = fileType)
# returns open file(savedFile)

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TEXT WIDGET IN TKINTER

1.) MAKING A TEXT WIDGET

myTextBox = Text(master , **options)

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2.) TAGS IN TEXT WIDGET

• CODE
• DESC

myTextBox.tag_add(tagName, startIndex , endIndex)
myTextBox.tag_config(tagName , **options)
#TO KNOW MORE ABOUT TEXT: 
#https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-tkinter-text-widget/

You can create a tag and use tag_config 
to apply specific options (bg , fg ,etc)
on that particular tagRegion(startIndex , endIndex)

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3.) MARKS IN TKINTER

• CODE
• DESC

#ADDING A MARK
myTextBox.mark_set(markName , IndexToPlace)
#SETTING GRAVITY OF A MARK
myTextBox.mark_gravity(markName , LEFT/RIGHT/"left"/"right")

Marks are like tags . 
The only difference is that it is not specified for a region , 
but for a specific point .
 
mark_gravity is used to set the direction of the insertion cursor
where the character will be inserted.

if direction is at left and insertion cursor is at the mark  
, then the new character will be inserted in left direction
and same happens with the right direction
BY DEFAULT IT IS RIGHT

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4.) INSERTOFFTIME/INSERTONTIME

You can use :-
    insertontime
    insertofftime

These prorperties are used to set 
the time for the insertion cursor 
for which it will blink
insertontime --> cursor will appear for this time
                 default value => 300
insertofftime --> cursor will not appear for this time
                 default value => 600

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EVENTS IN TKINTER

• KEY PRESS
• KEY RELEASE
• MOUSE ENTERED
• MOUSE LEFT

# LET US BIND A TEXT WIDGET TO KEY PRESS EVENT
textWidget.bind("<KeyPress>",nameOfFunction)
# TO GET THE KEY PRESSED
def nameOfFunction(event):
    keyPressed = event.char

Widget.bind("<KeyRelease>",nameOfFunction)

Widget.bind("<Enter>",nameOfFunction)

Widget.bind("<Leave>",nameOfFunction)

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